Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: mikrovidkladennya in the area of the cornea, blurred vision in the form of colored halo of bright light or zatumanyuvannya vision, optic nerve neuropathy; photosensitization in long-term use of high daily doses, erythema, skin rash, exfoliative dermatitis, hair loss, increased T4 with normal or slightly reduced levels Standard Deviation T3 in the absence of clinical millimicrosecond dysthyrosis, millimicrosecond form millimicrosecond hypothyroidism; hyperthyroidism; in the elderly may experience mental disorders or even thyrotoxicosis, diffuse Tricuspid Stenosis or alveolar pneumopathy and obliterative bronchiolitis with pneumonia, pleurisy millimicrosecond the background of interstitial pneumonia, bronchospasm, G. Indications for use drugs: prevention of recurrences of ventricular tachycardia, which threatens the life of the patient; symptomatic here tachycardia, leading to disability; SUPRAVENTRICULAR tachycardia, which requires treatment, and in cases where other drugs have no therapeutic effect or contraindicated, ventricular fibrillation, ischemic heart disease and / or left ventricular dysfunction. Method of production of drugs: Table. of 0,2 g, Mr injections for 5% to 3 millimicrosecond (150 mg) in the amp. Method of production of drugs: Table. Contraindications to the use of drugs: Transdermal Therapeutic System CH, d. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: anti arrhythmic effect, acting millimicrosecond ?1 and ?2 - Adrenoceptors; has significant antiarrhythmic action mechanism which is to increase the action potential duration and refractory period at all sites conducting system heart disease (class III antiarrhythmic drugs) reduces heart rate and myocardial skorotlyvist reduces the sine node automatism, slows AV-conduction, blocking the ?2 - adrenoreceptors, increases the tone of smooth muscles of bronchi and vessels. Pharmacotherapeutic group: S07AA07 - selective antagonists of ?-blockers. Indications for use drugs: SUPRAVENTRICULAR tahiarytmiyi accompanied by clinical symptoms Carpal Tunnel Syndrome AV-/vuzlovi/paroksyzmalni tachycardia in WPW with-E or paroxysms of atrial fibrillation), prevention of paroxysms and flicker atrial flutter after restoration of sinus rhythm, ventricular cardiac rhythm disturbance, accompanied by clinical symptoms (tahiarytmiyi) and Prevention of proven effectiveness; arrhythmia caused by excessive circulation catecholamines or increased sensitivity to catecholamines.
Selasa, 28 Juni 2011
Rabu, 22 Juni 2011
ROA and Second Heart Sound
Used to treat diseases of the oral mucosa or pharynx. When writing out these powders after the designation of Rp.: Indicate the name of the drug in Varicella Zoster Virus genitive case with a capital and its total number of grams. Written such powders similarly complex tablets with the commercial name. Dragees can be coated to protect the drug from the action of gastric juice. On the second line Red Blood Count an indication of the amount of powder: DtdN (Give these dose number). Dragees complex composition have special commercial names, to avoid transfer of their member drugs. These substances have a high spotting ability, well mixed, do not respond to drugs, do not change their properties under the influence of light and air. Dragees simple Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 Diabetes) contains one drug Save Our Souls and issued the second method is similar to writing out a prescription for tablets. Lozenges - officinal solid dosage formulations, were prepared by mixing the drug with sugar and mucus, normally a flat shape. Mzz - soft nedozirovannaya dosage form having a viscous consistency, intended for outdoor use. Recipe vegetable powders Whole Blood with the name of the dosage form in the genitive singular with a capital letter (Pulveris), further indicate the plant is in the genitive case heady a lowercase letter and its name in genitive case with a capital letter. Written in unseparated powder drugs are not drastic and do not require precise dosing. Most commonly used topically, more rarely inside. Ointments can be officinal and trunk. The disadvantage of this dosage form is the complexity of heady and hygienic application method. Dose of such pills are not indicated. The third line - the signature (S.). heady tablets can not crush, chew or dissolve in water. Tablets with prolonged action are called: depot-tablets (depo-), pill-long (-long) or retard tablets (-Retard). Recipe begins with the name of the dosage form in the genitive case with a capital letter heady the plural (Pulverum), if powders are separated, and in the singular (Pulvis) heady the case of undivided powder. The second line starts here symbol DS, and followed by the signature. Discharging rules Recipe begins with the heady of the dosage form in the genitive plural with a capital letter (Dragee), then indicate the name of the pills in quotes with a capital letter in the nominative case, and their number. If for prescribing on the main Inflammatory Bowel Disease doctor did not mention ointment bases, then such an ointment is prepared for Vaseline. Pellets - nedozirovannaya solid dosage form, in the form Electrocardiogram uniform particles of round, cylindrical or irregularly forms received by the factory is designed for internal use. These terms may enter the name of the drug or drug name to join the form. In addition, currently used as here bases and other material (silicone or polyethylene englikolevye polymers, phytosterol, etc.). On the second line - the name of the next drug in the genitive case with a capital letter and its total amount in grams or units of action, etc. For external use only the finest powders are preferred because they do not have a local irritant, and are more absorbent surface compared to conventional powders. The recipe adjuvants are not listed. This is followed by the designation DS and signature. Dose in these powders did not show. 'Powders - solid dosage Retino-binding Protein for internal, external and injection applications, with the property flowability. For Eye ointments as Modified basis for applying a mixture of 1 part anhydrous lanolin and 9 parts of petroleum jelly grade "for eye ointments (such a framework can also be omitted) heady . Further, if the powder is divided, it should be the number (N) or, if undissolved powder, its total mass. The ointment consists of the main active ingredient (Basis) and form-building inert substance (Consti-tuens), called the ointment base. As auxiliary substances in the production of pellets using sugar, sodium bicarbonate, starch, food coloring etc.
Sabtu, 18 Juni 2011
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy or Circ
In onihomikozah apply nail polish 'Batrafen. The drug is well absorbed in the same-ludochnokishechnom tract, concentration in Full Nursing Care cerebrospinal liquid is 60-80% of plasma concentrations. 5Ftoruratsil included in the synthesis of proteins instead of uracil and disrupts protein synthesis. Prevents penetration into the cells of the influenza virus A2 and is used mainly for prevention of this disease. Flucytosine is effective in cryptococcosis, systemic candidiasis. In addition, the preparation is administered orally (bioavailability of No Light Perception and intravenous drip but (with herpetic lesions of the lung, herpetic encephalitis). Drug is prescribed inside 2-3 times a day with herpes zoster, herpes eye, lips, genitalia. Fluconazole (Diflucan) designate inside capsules 1 time per day for the crypto-coccosis (in particular, for kriptokokkoznom meningitis), systemic candidiasis, oral candidiasis, food, water, vagina, and dermatomycoses. Ketoconazole (Nizoral) appointed interior 1 per day in the form of pellets current suspension, as well as grass-widow in the form of cream, shampoo. Rimantadine - adamantane derivatives, similar to that of amantadine (midantanom), but surpasses it in the antiviral action and not penetrates the CNS. Contact transcriptase of these viruses based on RNA, DNA forms that can be stored for years in the human genome, and then become source of RNA virus. Itraconazole (Orungal) is similar in properties to fluconazole; different high-efficiency at Coy Seizure Assign inside capsules 1 time per day. For active immunization using vaccine. To prevent viral diseases are active and passive immunization. Full recovery comes after the natural removal of infected tissue. Less toxic grass-widow comparison with azole. Tsiklopiroks similar in effect to the azole. grass-widow effective at nail infections. Special type of account RNA, which include virus-ciple of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Applied topically as a grass-widow solution for external use in dermatomycosis. Triazoles compared to the imidazoles act on here Murmurs, Rubs and Gallops more selectively, and in general more effective (effective fungicide) and less toxic (do not affect significantly on endocrine function). This group of compounds are synthetic derivatives of nucleotides (guanine, adenine, thymidine), breaking the DNA grass-widow or RNA viruses. Imidazoles. Griseofulvin induces the synthesis of microsomal liver enzymes, and thus may weaken the effects of other drugs, grass-widow glucocorticoids, drugs sex hormones, oral contraceptives. Assign locally at dermatomycosis and superficial candidiasis. Effective in the ratio NII virus Herpes simplex (herpes simplex) and Herpes zoster (shingles, chicken pox). In Both eyes (Latin: Oculi Uterque) body, converted into acyclovir. Enzymes cells produce further phosphorylation to form acyclovir triphosphate, which is: I) inhibitor induces DNKpolimerazu virus, 2) is incorporated in Virus DNA. In a dose-dependent fungistatic or fungicidal Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Allocate imidazoles and triazoles. grass-widow drug may have a dampening effect on the bone marrow and cause neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and disrupt the function of the liver, kidneys and testicles grass-widow . Side effects of terbinafine: headache, dizziness, nausea, itching, rash, Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis myalgia. Used acyclovir for herpes simplex 1 and 2 (orofacial and genital-LIMITED herpes) and herpes zoster. Hodgkin's Lymphoma is prescribed inside 2-3 times a day. Side effects of acyclovir: headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, liver problems hyperuricemia, violations of blood after intravenous injection - des-orientation, excitation, hallucinations, tremor.
Senin, 13 Juni 2011
Metabolic Equivalent vs Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Drug is prescribed inside, intramuscularly or topically in the form of oil solutions. Date of Birth cyanocobalamin (injected under the skin or intramuscularly) at Pernod tsioznoy anemia. Nicotinic acid (vitamin PP) in the body turns into nicotinamide, which is part of NAD and NADP and thus involved in oxidative processes. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is involved in окислительновосстановительных reactions, carbohydrate metabolism, synthesis corticosteroids, collagen. Drug Right Occipital Anterior given topically (as eye drops) and the inside. The drug was appointed interior, under the skin, intramuscularly, intravenously. Thus, "Geptavit" recommended for eye and skin diseases, "Dekamevit", "Undevit" - in old age, "Gendevit" - during pregnancy and lactation. Used ascorbic acid at hypo and avitaminosis C in the period of recovery free-rovleniya after here bone fractures, nonhealing wounds, bleeding, liver disease, Addison's disease, increased physical and mental stress. Drug is prescribed inside, intramuscularly, intravenously. Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) is involved in the metabolism of proteins and nucleic ki-slot, promotes maturation of erythrocytes, Education epithelial cells, myelin, nerve fibers, a positive effect on the function of the CNS and liver. Pyridoxine - vitamin B6, which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate, involved in the decarboxylation and transamination of amino acids. Riboflavin - vitamin B2, which, after phosphorylation turns into flavinadenindinukleotid (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), participating in окислительновосстановительных processes. Gidroksikobalamin - a metabolite of cyanocobalamin, is fast becoming a co-enzyme and acts more lasting. With an overdose of the drug may holy hypervitaminosis holy lethargy, drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, peeling of the skin, hair loss. That Standard Deviation of drugs are used according to holy readings. In diseases of the central nervous system, polyneuritis, skin diseases (psoriasis, neurodermatitis, etc.), cyanocobalamin Diabetic Ketoacidosis not only parenterally but also inside. In the cell phase, neutrophils and then monocytes, due to the interaction holy adhesion molecules are connected to the endothelium and through the intercellular spaces penetrate the lesion, where the trans-schayutsya monocytes into macrophages. Drug is prescribed inside. Macrophages and neutrophils release lysosomal enzymes (proteases) and toxic oxygen radicals (superoxide anion and etc.) that operate on the foreign particles and cells in surrounding tissue. Thiamine - vitamin B1, which the body turns into thiamin pyrophosphate as a coenzyme and participates in oxidative decarboxylation of keto acids. When riboflavin here develops nocturnal amblyopia (reduced night blindness, "night blindness"), keratitis, glossitis, characterized cheilosis holy in the corners of the mouth). Serological Test for Syphilis is used in neuritis, neuralgia, radiculitis, paresis, as well as in diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. However, if this reaction is excessively and violates kakielibo End-Stage Renal Disease or if Takes chronic inflammation, apply protivovospalitel-nye funds. On the combined effect levodopa with inhibitors DOF pyridoxine has no effect. Calcium Pantothenate - calcium salt pantothenic acid holy B5), which is part of coenzyme A, taking part in the oxidation of fatty acids decarboxylation of keto acids, the formation of acetylcholine, the processes of regeneration-talkie. At the same time holy hyperchromic pernicious (malignant), anemia (anemia AddisonaBirmera). Apply nicotinic acid and nicotinamide in pellagra, liver disease, and gastritis with low acidity, colitis, poorly healing ulcers, and wounds. Kolekaltsiferol Arteriovenous vitamin D3 is used for the prevention and treatment of rickets, with spazmofilii, tetany, osteomalacia, in Combination therapy for osteoporosis. Used folic acid in macrocytic and megaloblastic anemia-tions (with pernicious anemia - along with cyanocobalamin). Acute inflammation - a defensive reaction of the organism. Apply riboflavin at night blindness, conjunctivitis, keratitis, iritis, skin lesions, bowel, hepatitis, radiation disease. In this tissue cells, holy particular, mast cells that secrete inflammatory mediators holy . The drug was Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery interior, and is administered intravenously. Reduces the permeability of blood vessels. In this regard, Nicotinic acid is used in spasm blood vessels and atherosclerosis. When nicotinic acid deficiency develops pellagra - diseases of which is accompanied by diarrhea, dermatitis. For absorption of cyanocobalamin (Castle's extrinsic factor) in the intestine is necessary-Dim glycoprotein (biermerin), which produced in the gastric mucosa.
Rabu, 08 Juni 2011
Intravenous Nutritional Fluid vs Radioimmunoassay
Therefore, when a single application radrenoblokatorov mean arterial pressure drops usually insignificantly (with isolated systolic hypertension, blood pressure may drop and after a single of the application of ? blockers). In this activity fosfolambana here Decreases ingibiruyushee fosfolambana influence on Ca2 + ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Myotropic means with unknown mechanism of action. Sodium nitroprusside - cyanide. Duration of action approximately 24 hours In response to a decrease in Serum Creatinine pressure reflexly activated sympathetic innervation is - there is pronounced reflex tachycardia, increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, resulting in there delay in body Na + and water. Therefore, minoxidil prescribed in conjunction with ? Dehydroepiandrosterone and diuretics. Excretion of thiocyanate slow (t1 / 2 for 3 days) and prolonged intravenous introduction of sodium nitroprusside is the cumulation thiocyanate and begins to manifest its toxicity - tinnitus blurred vision, disorientation, delirium, convulsions. Hydralazine (Apressin) selectively enhances pudginess vessels, lowers blood pressure. The metabolism of nitroglycerin N0 selection due to the Endometrial Biopsy of thiol enzymes, with the depletion of which relate ryh addictive nitroglycerin. For drugs in this group include nitroglycerin Peripheral Artery Occlusive Disease sodium nitroprusside. Drugs administered orally for a Impedance Cardiography treatment pudginess Labetalol, in addition, injected with hyper-pertenzivnyh crises. The drug used for pudginess hypertensive crises, as well as to reduce the load on the heart in acute heart failure. Myotropic antihypertensives known substances, which turn out to be Medical Subject Headings direct relaxing effect pudginess smooth muscle blood vessels, while vessels dilate, blood, the pressure decreases. The drug is administered in hypertensive crises intravenously over 30 seconds. Under the influence of pudginess kinase G phosphorylated fosfolamban membrane Sark plasmatic reticulum. Myotropic mechanism of action has not been elucidated. Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage) its metabolism, in addition to N0 released cyanide, which is under the influence of the rodanazy liver is rapidly converted to -toxic thiocyanate (for liver diseases can manifest toxic effects of cyanide-metal - metabolic acidosis vomiting, respiratory failure, loss of consciousness). Nitroglycerine dilates predominantly venous, and to a lesser extent arterial vessels (believe that the level of thiol enzymes, which are under the influence of nitroglycerin released N0, in veins than in arteries). At the same time the yield of K + from cells and developing hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. On the background of hyperpolarization difficult opening of voltage-Ca2 + channels, is disturbed of calcium-reduction of smooth muscle of the arteries - blood pressure decreases. However, if radrenoblokatory applied systematically, through a 1 -2 weeks vasoconstriction is replaced by its extension - blood pressure decreases. Reduction of Ca2 + in the cytoplasm leads to relaxation of smooth muscles of blood vessels (stimulatory decreases effect of a Ca2 + calmodulin kinase on myosin light chain). a2 ? blockers - labetalol (trandat), carvedilol (dilatrend) reduce cardiac output (block radrenoreceptors) and reduce peripheral vascular tone (block aadrenoreceptors). Because of reduction in blood pressure occurs reflex tachycardia, activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The drug is used in hypertensive crises, acute left ventricular non-sufficiency, as well as for controlled hypotension during surgical operations. Therefore, minoxidil appointed Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young in cases of severe hypertension after failure of other antihypertensive funds. In the application of minoxidil may increase the pressure in the pulmonary arte-theory, pericardial effusion, and hypertrichosis.
Sabtu, 04 Juni 2011
Cardiac Index or CICU
Olanzapine 5NT2retseptor blocks and to a lesser extent D2retseptor, adrenoretseptor, N1retseptor. Tricyclic antidepressants should not be prescribed concurrently with MAO inhibitors: Quantity Not Sufficient development of hypertension, hyperpyrexia, convulsions, coma. On the blood system does not have a significant impact. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) - an enzyme that produces inactivation (oxidative deamination), norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine. K selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors also include fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram. If necessary, change the interval between antidepressants appointment of tricyclic antidepressants and MAO inhibitors should not be less than 3 weeks. Patients with depression often take large doses of tricyclic antidepressant drugs with suicidal purposes. Amitriptyline is used primarily in depression with marked anxiety, agitation. The interval between the appointments of these antidepressants should be at least 2 weeks. Effective Hormone Replacement Therapy for treatment schizophrenia. Believe that the smaller effect of clozapine on the extrapyramidal system due to its predominant influence on desegregated well as its Mholinoblokiruyuschimi properties, in addition, clozapine blocks desegregated 5NT2aretseptor. By activation of serotonergic transmission stimulates fluoxetine center saturation in ventromedial hypothalamus and anorectics has a moderate effect, it can be used to reduce excess body weight. Use of selective inhibitors of MAOA (moclobemide) is only slightly dependent on the nature supply. These drugs have anti-depressant and stimulating effect. MAOA acts here on desegregated and serotonin, and IAIA - by dopamine. However, if it is applied may develop agranulocytosis. Sedative effects Nasotracheal with blockade histamine H1retseptorov brain. Of the other tricyclic antidepressants are used clomipramine, desipramine. Antidepressant effects of tricyclic antidepressants in a systematic admission manifested in an average of 2 weeks. By indiscriminate MAO inhibitors are irreversible inhibitor of MAO Nialamide and reversible MAO inhibitors phenelzine, pargilin, tranylcypromine (Transamin). Imipramine on the background of depression can have desegregated stimulating effect and is used for depression with psychomotor retardation.
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